Adjusting To The Times

I recently finished an article for Golf Course Trades Magazine called "Adjusting to the Times", see it here in their online version. I've included here the first 3rd, and will post some examples of sustainability principles in action (in addition to the ones published in the article) in the near future. 

We are adjusting. It’s what we do. After a recession we modify the way we do things, use resources more efficiently, turn a scarce resource into a cheaper one using new technologies, or find a new one altogether. We’ve always done it.

But as we emerge from this, and possibly another recession, you can’t spin the fact that we face new realities of corporate responsibility, government accountability and real environmental degradation. There is no shortage of uncertainty out there.

Golfer numbers in the US have fallen by 3.6 percent in the past three years and we are expected to lose anywhere between 1,500 to 2,000 courses to adjust to market saturation in the next ten years.

Even more skepticism is raised by those facing unprecedented droughts, high energy and fuel costs without the means to purchase the more efficient technologies and government restrictions on the application of water, nutrients and pest control products.

The old linear system that got us here is coming to an end. No more can we burn through resources and expect to have the same access to them as we did previously. We can’t operate as if the results of our actions don’t matter, they are catching up to us now and we must adjust by taking complete control by investing in the way that nature works, in cycles.

Sustainability Vs. Environmentalism

Sustainability is not on the left or right side of the political spectrum. It is a method of doing things so that we can sustain our life on earth, and that doesn’t have a political affiliation. Environmentalism is often accused of ignoring economic realities. Sustainability is the one and only economic reality, without it, there is none. We don’t really have a choice about that.

“Environmentalism” is to sustainability as what a band aid is to the cure. A single focus solution is a temporary response to a problem and is based on a system of cheap and easily accessible fuels, materials and labour. This is the difference between “sustainability” and single focused methods of making something “green”.

A “green” product like biodegradable cups have a true environmental benefit to them, they are not plastic! However these cups are often thrown in the trash and cannot biodegrade because of limited oxygen and moisture (vital to the biodegrading process) when they’re buried 40 feet deep or burned in an incinerator. Yes using grown material to fabricate products is part of the transition from non-renewable to renewable resources, but they still follow the same linear system of start and end when our system is not set up to process this material. Now, if those cups were composted (they seldom are) and employed as carbon in the soil, well now we have a cycle. Recyclable materials found in cups are also part of a cycle, albeit an energy intensive one.

- Linear Vs Cyclical -

Sustainability is a cycle of creation, of use and re-use (or recycle, refurbish, renovate, reclaim, etc), of trial and error and trying again. It’s employing natural functions of our landscapes to help support our needs. It’s moving from a linear decision making process of ending up in the same problem, to a process where we use the natural system for help. The Cyclical decision making model helps visually demonstrate this process.

- Principles Vs Values -

A Principle is external, it’s natural law and undeniable, like gravity. A Value is internal, subjective and created by social and ethical systems, like “green”. This reigns true not only when dealing with land management, but in all areas of our lives. Steven Covey in the 7 Habits of Highly Effective People wrote “values govern people's behaviour, but principles ultimately determine the consequences”. Distinguishing between the two is important because as illustrated earlier, some environmental values are highly subjective and do not necessarily serve to solve or correct a problem. If the solutions you're using are not working with these principles or natural laws, there's little you can do but loose.

Aeration - Who needs it?



During August and September, all I hear about from course managers/superintendents is the size tines they have used to hollow core their greens, or the size of their Graden blades. But this has made me think. Are these guys aerating their greens because they discovered that they need too through scientific tests, or are they doing it because they have always done and the course up the road always does too?

Like many turf managers, over the years I have always believed that to produce good greens, aeration is a crucial tool. It provides oxygen for the soil and roots, degrades organic matter build up and improves drainage capabilities. But my eyes were opened several years ago by an American agronomist. At a seminar, he said that if you built a new green, had no golfers play on it and diluted any OM build up thorough dressings, then you would not have to aerate that green at all. Now the golfers would love that (not that they would be allowed on it of course!).

Some data tools available today.
Now this is an unrealistic situation as of course golfers will always play on the greens, but the fact is still there, no golfers potentially means no aeration! If we think of aeration like this then we can start to see that greenkeepers may have over-aerated in the past. I'm starting to believe that as much as certain greenkeepers have under-aerated their greens through the years, some may have over-aerated as well. But how do we know when and how much aeration we should apply?

So, when you plan your next aeration schedule, will you know why you are doing it? Will you be going with a hollow tine set at 75mm (3 inches) because your latest OM results said that around this level there is a high OM percentage? Or, will you be going with a tine that is deeper than the 200mm (8 inch) pan that you have just found in your green with the help of the petrometer? Decisions, decisions. But that's why we are employed, to make the right calls at the right time.

Good luck, I'm off to order my next set of tines!

Getting to the Green: Improving Golf Cart Efficiency Part 2

In Part 1 I discussed some of the major differences between Gas Vs. Electric Carts, In part 2 I've revealed some Tips and Tricks for increasing the overall efficiency of your carts. These can assist in lowering operating costs and enable your course to keep prices attractive to golfers, while widening your profit margins. Here are a few things to consider when trying to cut down expenses and improve performance:


Stimp My Ride - We all know the importance of lowering ball rolling resistance on playing surfaces, but why not with our carts too? Rolling Resistance (RR) explains energy depletion through tires over a distance and is influenced by tires and driving surface characteristics.

Many different tire factors influence the RR such as:
• Tire shape, tread pattern, depth, size and a softer tire as a higher RR than harder compounds.
• Higher air pressure in the tire generally reduces RR, recommended PSI is usually between 18-25, check tire
wall and do not over-inflate.
• Environmental conditions such as higher ambient temperature, rain, snow or wind all influence RR.

The surface texture of driving surfaces influences RR and fuel consumption by as much as 12 percent on paved driving surfaces, and far greater on turf, gravel and sand. Concrete cart paths are more energy intensive to install then gravel and asphalt, but allow for less RR against tires . Also, rain events have been known to greatly reduce cart revenue on courses without a well-designed cart path, but, of course, the drawback is that under “cart path only” rules, USGA studies show rounds can take longer than walking with a pull cart on the fairways, but at least you’ve got golfers while it’s raining.

Hack Your Cart - There are some fantastic aftermarket kits available to help make better use of your energy, and even generate it. For instance, hybrid kits are available for gas carts that enable a quieter electric drive mode for when passing golfers on the green, or they can be used as a generator to run power tools such as electric drills while out in the field. The PowerPod Kit will be available starting in November 2011 throughout North America.

Adding solar panel roofs to electric golf carts has become quite trendy. In Toronto (not best for solar) panels boosted the electrical input to an amount equivalent to 12 percent of consumption . When the carts were recharged at night however, this 12 percent benefit was reduced to between 7 and 10 percent due to efficiency losses inherent in the charging process. The average return on investment is between 3 and 10 years, depending on government rebates, your current cost of electricity and the amount of sunlight and energy you can generate. Solar panels (hard tops and peel-and-stick) are available through many golf cart distributors, and most manufacturers have or will be releasing models in the near future with built-in photovoltaic cells. (See study details here)

Kick It Route Down - Tripcalculator.org is a free Web app that will help put a dollar value on the route you choose. Obviously, there are significant variables not taken into account here, including RR of driving surface, topography and driver behavior, but it’s a good start to help understand where corners can be cut on your more popular driving routes.




This post was originally published in the September 2011 issue of Golf Course Trades Magazine


 


Getting to the Green: Improving Golf Cart Efficiency Part 1


One of golf’s least celebrated yet major environmental triumphs is the wide spread adoption of the golf cart. Developed primarily for our industry, these low-speed vehicles have now been adopted worldwide by private communities and urban centers as an alternative to conventional automobiles.


Future technologies that will power our automobiles in the future are often tested and showcased on the golf cart platform. A few of note are Yamaha’s methane-powered golf cart (yes, poo-powered), hydrogen (Toro Workman) and even algae and compressed air.




But let’s leave the future behind us for now and look at why golf courses are transitioning from gas to electric. Let’s also examine the pros and cons of each and review a few options to help improve your operational efficiency no matter what kind of cart you have.

Shade's Effect on Turf Diseases

A few weeks ago I came across a really cool App for my iPhone while perusing Turfhugger.  It is called Sunseeker and it allows you to see the path of the sun for any day of the year compared to what your phone "sees" through its camera (Check out this review from iTurf Apps).  This is a very powerful tool for superintendents.  Shade is a very big problem for most turf managers as it is very difficult to grow healthy turf if there isn't enough direct sunlight.  This tool can help you determine how much light your turf will get for any time of the year and also showcase which trees need to be removed to increase the available light on your grass.


Listen to What the Disease is Telling You!



In his first post for Turfhugger, Jason Haines of Pender Harbour Golf Club in the rugged Sunshine Coast of BC, describes how he tries to understand the underlying reasons for the health of his turf and not mask a problem by using preventative treatments. Haines has been in the turf industry since 2001 and graduated from Fairview college's Turfgrass Management Technology program in 2005. While not at the golf course Haines volunteers with the Sunshine Coast Search and Rescue.


Welcome to Turfhugger Jason.
Scott J Morrison.


For years we as turfgrass managers have been taught to make preventative pesticide applications.  The logic behind this was that if you could prevent the problem you would in turn have to use less chemicals to control the pest.  In some cases this is true.  There are some pests out there that you just don't want to get.  In the case of cool season turfgrass fungal diseases during the summer I think that you can afford to skip the preventatives and here's why.

When we get sick it is often for a reason.  You get a cold because you forgot to wash your hands or touched something that was infected.  You get heart problems because you smoked for 20 years and had a poor diet and ate deep fried everything for lunch.  You get diabetes because you ate too much sugars when you were young.  Out turf is exactly the same.  When it gets sick there is often a reason why.  There are many things that can kill our grass but where I'm from (West Coast of Canada) our main threat to the health of our turfgrass comes from fungi.
Dollar spot is a fungus that can wreak havoc
on poorly maintained putting greens.

CourseCo Promo: "The Direction Golf is Driving"

From BNet Magazine:

"Sustainability in Golf Course Design - According to the National Golf Foundation, more than 50 million people play the game of golf around the world. But there are some that believe the game harms the environment, whether it's wasting water or consuming large amounts of land. Crystal Springs Golf Course in Burlingame, California is trying to change how golf courses are maintained by focusing on eco-friendly practices. BNET visits the golf course to take a look at what they're doing to go green."


What Does Xeri-LEED-Scaping Look Like?

Sun Valley, Idaho landscape ecologist Kelly Weston likes to make clear native landscapes don’t have to be messy. “I have native landscapes that are highly structured next to very contemporary houses. I have native landscapes like this one that are planted in a random fashion, meant to be wild-looking".

In this video, Weston shows us a LEED-certified landscape (next to a LEED home) in Ketchum, Idaho where annual rainfall is about 15 inches per year.


Part 3: The Quest for a "Zero Waste" Golf Course

Be sure to check out part 1 and 2 for a little more background info on how Josh Heptig, Dairy Creek Golf Course Superintendent, is committed to zero waste in his operations. In this video Josh takes us on a tour of his green waste management efforts.

 

Municipal Course Goes Biosolids Route

Awesome...

This video "highlights the sustainable modifications made to Hilaman Golf Course", a public course in Tallahassee Florida.

You'll see some features that are becoming quite common on golf courses including ACSP, Buffer Zones, Closed Loop Wash Pad, even the installation of Solar Panels on top of their cart storage facility.

Most impressive however is how the municipality fulfilled their responsibility to dispose of solid wastes from the local water treatment centre, and combined it with fulfilling the needs of providing the golf course with fertilizer through the production of processed biosolids.

This is thoughtful planning, demonstrating how sustainable solutions are the result of integrating the needs of multiple land users/services.

Common Reed: The defence.

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Over here in the UK we have a different outlook towards Common Reed (Native in UK) than you guys do in the North America. One or two of my greenkeeping friends and I have been trying to introduce common reed onto their golf courses as it can provide valuable habitat for the reed warbler, water rail and indeed most wading birds. I agree that it can become a problem if left to nature but isn’t that what we ecologically minded greenkeepers are here for? Guardians and managers of the land we have borrowed?

Plate one shows a reed bed adjacent to a dyke (open waterway).

Reed (Phragmites australis) filtration systems have been involved in heavy industry’s for decades but golf courses are just beginning to realize their potential to cleanse wash down area, dyke and clubhouse waste water. I believe the filtered water produced through phytoremediation (process of plants uptake of pesticides, fungicides etc…) can then be used again via irrigation onto tees or fairways. Here on the North West coast of England it never seems to stop raining so there is rarely a shortage of water. However, the South East seems to be having a permanent drought period so wouldn’t it make sense to conserve water any way possible?

Plate two shows a close-up photograph of a reed bed at work. Note the left hand side of the dyke is managed and the right is not. If it were left to nature then the reed would become problematic i.e. encroaching onto the manicured parts of the golf course.


I know there is a lot more than just planting a few reeds into a dyke involved and the initial costs can run into thousands of pounds, but I am just arguing that these plants can, if managed correctly, produce a valuable habitat, environmentally sound and an aesthetic addition to any golf course.

Visit this link for more information on Reed Bed Conservation in London.

For more information about Phyto/Bio-remediation techniques used on golf courses check out the links below:

James Hutchinson.